Balloon model of hemodynamics

Picture:

The vascular bed is treated as an expandable venous compartment (a balloon). If there is a burst of flow, the volume will increase and then return to baseline. That’s where ‘balloon’ comes from.

During steady state (i.e. without activation), the flow into the bed and the flow out the bed are balanced. The in flow is assumed to be pure HbO (oxygenated Hemoglobin). HbO converts to HbR at rate E0. E0 is usually 0.4. Volume, HbO and HbR are all at baseline (assumed to be 1).

When the in flow increases (due to neural activation), the volume increases due to the inbalance of in flow and out flow. The in flow is the driving force and the entire time course of in flow has to be specified as the input. Usually it’s modeled as a trapezoidal function. The out flow is a function of volume.

The oxygen extraction fraction E (the rate at which HbO converts to HbR) is a function of in flow. The more in flow, the less E. At baseline, E is usaually 0.4. If in flow is infinitely big, E will be 0. So during the burst of in flow, E will decrease and then return to baseline. As a result, HbR will decrease initially, then increase and overshoot, finally reachs baseline. HbO dynamics is simple, increase, then decrease.

$$\frac{dq}{dt}=\frac{1}{\tau_0}[f_{in}\frac{E}{E_0}-f_{out}\frac{q}{v}]$$
$$\frac{dv}{dt}=\frac{1}{\tau_0}[f_{in}-f_{out}]$$
$$E=1-(1-E_0)^{1/f_{in}}$$
$$f_{out}(v)=\frac{1}{1+\frac{\tau_0}{\tau_v}}(\frac{\tau_0}{\tau_v} v^{1/\alpha}+f_{in})$$

The change of HbO (i.e. oxygenated Hb) is
$$\frac{dp}{dt}=\frac{1}{\tau_0}[f_{in}-f_{out}\frac{p}{v}]$$

which is simply
$$p = v-q$$

I have matlab scripts of balloon model:1. balloon.m 2. balloon_ode.m

Please refer to the original paper:
Buxton et al (1998) Dynamics of blood flow and oxygenation changes during brain activation: the balloon model. Magnetic resonance in medicine 39 (6) 855-64

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