The name of “temporal lobe” follows “temporal bone”. But why “temporal”? The reason is that when people get old, the first region in the head which grows white hair is this region (see picture below). Thus this region is kind of a “time” region. That’s where “temporal” comes from. (I get this from some textbook but I forget which one.)
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Thank you Xu Cui,for answering my question.
When it comes to anatomy, *temporal is an adjective derived from *temple, a word which has latin root in *templum and denotes a place of worship, which in turn, denotes a relationship with time. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)